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Citation Guide

Citation Tips for MLA and APA citation for high school and IB students

APA Basics

APA stands for "American Psychological Association." Use APA for Social Sciences (Psych, Sociology) Business, and Science courses.

Like MLA, there are two parts to APA citation:

  • The list of sources used in the paper (titled "References")
  • References (citations) within the paper that point to each of the sources on the references list

This guide has lessons, tools, and videos to help you create perfect referencess. If you are not sure about something or you need help, please email your librarian

#1 piece of advice:

Take notes using a system that keeps your fact, your source, and your thinking about the fact together in one note. When you do in-text citations later, it will be very important to know what evidence is paraphrased, what is quoted, and where that exact information came from.

Good note-taking = easy referencing later on

#2 piece of advice:

Finalize your References page FIRST, then do your in-text citations.

APA v. MLA

Differences between APA and MLA: 

  • APA puts a greater emphasis on dates. The date of a source goes right after the name of the author (or article title) in the full citation and in the in-text citation. 
  • APA requires only the first initial of author first names.
  • APA requires all authors are listed up to FIVE authors. After five, use "et al".
  • APA uses "p." before page numbers

Looking for a specific citation format? Check these:

APA Guide from Utica College

APA Guide from Auckland U of Tech

APA Guide (46 pages) from EasyBib

Checklists & Charts

APA Citations Checklist

APA: Missing information substitution chart