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Citation Guide

Citation Tips for MLA and APA citation for high school and IB students

Commonly Used Terms

Annotated Bibliography - Full source information with explanation about the source: its benefits and limitations, how the information will be used, or whatever else the researcher wants to show about the source. An excellent way to keep track of sources and their value during early research stage

APA - American Psychological Association style of formatting, used in the Sciences and Social Sciences; Emphasizes the date of publication

Appendix - A section at the back of paper that may include supplementary material; does not contribute to the word count. More here.

Bibliography - A list of all sources consulted for a paper; less common for IB since not all sources are cited in the paper

Citation - Names the source where information was found; there are various types of citations.

Footnote - A way to add extra information without impacting your work count; information goes in the footer automatically

In-text Citation - Source information included in the flow of a sentence

MLA - Modern Language Association style of formatting, used throughout FDR and generally in university for Humanities; Emphasizes the author versus publication date

Parenthetical Citation - Source information included inside parentheses 

Reference - As a verb, to refer or point to a particular source or idea. As a noun, the shortened version of a source where information was found.

References - The title for the page of sources used in a paper in APA format

Works Cited - The title for the page of sources used in a paper in MLA format